General Biology II — 2025C Past Questions

University of Ilorin BIO102: 35 questions.

Topics: Basic characteristics, identification, and classification of viruses, bacteria, and fungi

1. What is the symbiotic relationship between a fungus and green algae?
   1. Lichen
   2. Parasitism
   3. Mutualism
   4. Commensalism
2. Which of the following statements regarding storage and chlorophyll is correct?
   1. Green plants are achlorophyllous
   2. Fungi are chlorophyllous
   3. Fungi store carbohydrates as glycogen
   4. Plants store carbohydrates as glycogen
3. The scientific study of viruses is known as
   1. Virology
   2. Bacteriology
   3. Pathology
   4. Immunology
4. In what year was the first virus discovered?
   1. 1892
   2. 1901
   3. 1885
   4. 1918
5. Based on their host range, viruses are generally grouped into how many categories?
   1. 3
   2. 4
   3. 5
   4. 6
6. What primarily determines the size and morphology of a lichen?
   1. Algae
   2. Temperature
   3. Light
   4. Fungus
7. Lichens that have a shrub-like or branched appearance are classified as
   1. Leaf-like
   2. Shrub-like
   3. Crust-like
   4. Root-like
8. Aseptate (coenocytic) hyphae are considered primitive because
   1. They have no septa
   2. They reproduce by spores
   3. They are found in advanced fungi
   4. They have complex structures
9. A typical bacterial cell is structurally divided into how many main regions?
   1. 3
   2. 4
   3. 5
   4. 2
10. A motile bacterium that lacks flagella is referred to as
    1. Monotrichous
    2. Atrichous
    3. Peritrichous
    4. Amphitrichous
11. A 'naked' virus is composed of what specific components?
    1. Protein coat only
    2. Envelope and RNA
    3. DNA and lipid coat
    4. Capsid and envelope
12. The bacterial flagellum is composed of how many distinct structural parts?
    1. 2
    2. 3
    3. 4
    4. 5
13. Which scientist is credited with coining the term 'Virus'?
    1. Louis Pasteur
    2. Martinus Beijerinck
    3. Dmitri Ivanovsky
    4. Edward Jenner
14. Which of the following is an example of a lophotrichous bacterium?
    1. Escherichia coli
    2. Pseudomonas fluorescens
    3. Spirillum volutans
    4. Bacillus subtilis
15. Which bacterium serves as a classic example of a monotrichous flagellation?
    1. Salmonella typhi
    2. Vibrio cholerae
    3. Proteus vulgaris
    4. Spirillum serpens
16. Which of the following is considered a primary 'bad effect' of viruses?
    1. Decomposition of waste
    2. Nitrogen fixation
    3. Causing diseases in organisms
    4. Enhancing immunity
17. The primary difference between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is
    1. Presence of chloroplast
    2. Peptidoglycan thickness in the cell wall
    3. Flagella arrangement
    4. Mode of reproduction
18. What is the typical size range for bacterial cells?
    1. 0.1-0.5 mm
    2. 10-100 µm
    3. 1-10 μm
    4. 0.5-5 µm
19. Which of the following is an example of a unicellular fungus?
    1. Penicillium
    2. Rhizopus
    3. Yeast
    4. Aspergillus
20. A foliose lichen is distinguished by having a thallus that is
    1. Crustose
    2. Leaf-like
    3. Shrub-like
    4. Luminous
21. The term 'Mycorrhizae' literally translates to
    1. Fungus-root
    2. Fungus-stem
    3. Fungus-leaf
    4. Fungus-seed
22. In a lichen association, the fungal partner is specifically called the
    1. Mycobiont
    2. Phycobiont
    3. Lichenobiont
    4. Cyanobiont
23. Which virus is responsible for the most recent global pandemic in history?
    1. Ebola
    2. HIV
    3. Chicken pox
    4. COVID-19
24. Yeast commonly reproduces through an asexual process known as
    1. Budding
    2. Binary fission
    3. Conjugation
    4. Fragmentation
25. Which of the following was the first enzyme discovered within a virus?
    1. Lysozyme
    2. Neuraminidase
    3. Transcriptase
    4. Integrase
26. The term 'Bacterium' was first introduced by which scientist?
    1. Ehrenberg
    2. Pasteur
    3. Leeuwenhoek
    4. Ivanovsky
27. A bacterial structure that arises as an invagination of the plasma membrane is the
    1. Mesosome
    2. Ribosome
    3. Nucleoid
    4. Mitochondria
28. Viruses are described as being at the 'edge of life' because
    1. They possess all characteristics of living things
    2. They possess no characteristics of living things
    3. They possess some but not all key characteristics of living things
    4. They possess all the key characteristics of living things
29. Fungi were historically classified as plants primarily because
    1. They are multicellular
    2. They grow like plants
    3. They have chlorophyll
    4. They are photosynthetic
30. In which type of mycorrhizae do the fungal hyphae penetrate the internal plant root cells?
    1. Endomycorrhiza
    2. Ectomycorrhizae
    3. Phycomycorrhizae
    4. Rhizomycorrhiza
31. What is the primary function of the fungal partner in a mycorrhizal relationship?
    1. Perform photosynthesis
    2. Absorb water and nutrients from the soil
    3. Fix nitrogen from the atmosphere
    4. Produce food for the plant
32. The cell wall of higher fungi is primarily composed of
    1. Chitin
    2. Cellulose
    3. Peptidoglycan
    4. Lignin
33. Which of the following describes a virus with several flagella at one or both ends?
    1. Atrichous
    2. Monotrichous
    3. Lophotrichous
    4. Peritrichous
34. How many main parts does a typical virus particle have?
    1. 2
    2. 3
    3. 4
    4. 5
35. The Latin root of the word 'Virus' means
    1. Small creature
    2. Toxic
    3. Poison
    4. Microbe

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