General Biology II — 2025A Past Questions

University of Ilorin BIO102: 61 questions.

Topics: Basic characteristics, identification and classification of viruses, bacteria and fungi, A generalized survey of the plant and animal kingdoms

1. All fungi are
   1. Unicellular
   2. Prokaryotic
   3. Eukaryotic
   4. Multicellular
2. Which of these plants have more dependence on mycorrhiza relationship with fungi?
   1. Parasitic upper plants
   2. Epiphytic plants
   3. Plants with root hair
   4. Plants without root hair
3. Aseptate fungi are considered to be the most primitive because
   1. If the portion before a septum dies, the entire hyphal strand dies
   2. They are achrolophylous
   3. They are non-motile
   4. They reproduce only sexually
4. Which of the following is NOT a shape of bacteria?
   1. Slightly curved
   2. Circular
   3. Spiral
   4. Spherical
5. Algae is different from plants because they have no differentiated
   1. Stem
   2. None of these — algae lack differentiated roots, stems, and leaves
   3. Leaves
   4. Root
6. Which is NOT a shape of the viral capsid?
   1. Comma
   2. Helical
   3. Circular
   4. Spherical (Icosahedral)
7. How many components make up a nucleic acid?
   1. 5
   2. 3
   3. 4
   4. 2
8. The capsid of a virus is made up of
   1. Capsomeres
   2. Nucleotides
   3. Phospholipids
   4. Glycoproteins
9. The following are shapes of the capsid EXCEPT
   1. Helical
   2. Icosahedral (spherical)
   3. Complex
   4. Linear
10. What is the study of bacteria called?
    1. Virology
    2. Mycology
    3. Bacteriology
    4. Microbiology
11. The Latin word 'virus' means
    1. Small creature
    2. Dead organism
    3. Poison
    4. Living particle
12. Which is an example of a lophotrichous bacterium?
    1. Xanthomonas sp.
    2. Escherichia coli
    3. Spirillum undula
    4. Alcaligenes faecalis
13. A bacterial cell is grouped into how many regions?
    1. 5
    2. 3
    3. 6
    4. 4
14. Flagella in bacteria are grouped into how many types?
    1. 2
    2. 3
    3. 4
    4. 5
15. Which of the following is a unicellular fungus?
    1. Rhizopus stolonifera
    2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    3. Aspergillus niger
    4. Penicillium notatum
16. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) is an example of which type of nucleic acid?
    1. Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA+)
    2. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
    3. Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
    4. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)
17. What is the function of algae in a lichen?
    1. Providing structural support and determining shape
    2. Absorbing water and minerals from the substrate
    3. Carrying out photosynthesis to provide nutrients
    4. Protecting the fungus from desiccation
18. In a lichen, the fungal component is called the
    1. Mycobiont
    2. Photobiont
    3. Phycobiont
    4. Symbiont
19. What are the importances of mycorrhizae?
    1. They cause root diseases in plants
    2. They improve nutrient uptake, water absorption, plant growth, and stress tolerance
    3. They compete with roots for soil nutrients
    4. They only benefit the fungal partner
20. Mycorrhizae is also called
    1. Fungus leaf
    2. Fungus root
    3. Root parasite
    4. Soil fungus
21. Who discovered the virus?
    1. Louis Pasteur
    2. Robert Koch
    3. Dmitri Ivanovsky
    4. Martinus Beijerinck
22. Which of the following is an example of a Gram-positive bacterium?
    1. Staphylococcus aureus
    2. Streptococcus mutans
    3. Bacillus subtilis
    4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
23. Fungi undergo the following types of reproduction EXCEPT
    1. Binary fusion
    2. Sporulation
    3. Budding
    4. Fragmentation
24. Yeast cells reproduce by
    1. Binary fission
    2. Budding
    3. Sporulation
    4. Fragmentation
25. A naked (non-enveloped) virus has
    1. An envelope and capsid
    2. A capsid only
    3. A capsomere only
    4. A protomere only
26. Which disease is NOT caused by a virus?
    1. Cocoa swollen shoot disease
    2. Citrus tristeza
    3. Cassava mosaic disease
    4. Influenza
27. Rhizopus are
    1. Unicellular
    2. Multicellular
    3. Acellular
    4. Prokaryotic
28. What has led to the concern that viruses could be used for biological warfare?
    1. The ability of viruses to cause death and devastation to large populations in epidemics
    2. The ability of viruses to cause death and devastation in epidemics and pandemics
    3. The ability to cause death in epidemic and pandemic
    4. None of the above
29. Arcula are _____ shaped
    1. Rod shaped
    2. Spherical shaped
    3. Tetrahedral or cuboidal shaped
    4. Filamentous shaped
30. The fungal component in lichen is called
    1. Mycobiont
    2. Photobiont
    3. Phycobiont
    4. Cyanobiont
31. How many regions is a bacterial cell divided into?
    1. 4
    2. 5
    3. 6
    4. 7
32. What is the association between a fungus and a photosynthetic algae called?
    1. Parasitic
    2. Lichen
    3. Autotrophic
    4. Mycorrhiza
33. The mycorrhiza relationship is between which two organisms?
    1. Algae and fungi
    2. Roots of higher plants and fungi
    3. Bacteria and plant roots
    4. Fungi and cyanobacteria
34. The fungus that grows on the outside of roots is called
    1. Endomycorrhiza
    2. Ectomycorrhiza
    3. Arbuscular mycorrhiza
    4. Vesicular mycorrhiza
35. Pasteur discovered
    1. Virology
    2. Microbiology
    3. Bacteriology
    4. Mycology
36. What is the literal meaning of the word 'mycorrhiza'?
    1. Fungal particle
    2. Root disease
    3. Fungus-root
    4. Soil network
37. Which part of a lichen is responsible for its shape, size, and growth?
    1. Algae
    2. Fungi
    3. Cyanobacteria
    4. Rhizoids
38. Fruticose lichens are characterised by having
    1. A distinct top and bottom surface
    2. Crust-like adherence to substrate
    3. No distinct top and bottom — they are branched and shrub-like
    4. Leaf-like flattened thallus
39. In what year was bacteria discovered, and by whom?
    1. 1892 by Dmitri Ivanovsky
    2. 1676 by Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
    3. 1885 by Albert Bernard Frank
    4. 1943 by Bawden
40. Which of the following is NOT a part of bacterial appendages?
    1. Pili
    2. Nucleoid
    3. Fimbriae
    4. Flagella
41. A flagella arrangement with several flagella at one or both ends of the cell is called
    1. Monotrichous
    2. Amphitrichous
    3. Lophotrichous
    4. Peritrichous
42. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteria?
    1. Single-celled
    2. Small surface area to volume ratio
    3. Growth in numbers, not size
    4. Prokaryotic cell organisation
43. Which bacteria change shape and size according to environmental conditions?
    1. Escherichia coli
    2. Staphylococcus aureus
    3. Deinococcus sp., Helicobacter pylori, and Mycoplasma sp.
    4. Bacillus subtilis
44. The plasma membrane of bacteria is invaginated to form
    1. Ribosomes
    2. Mesosome
    3. Nucleoid
    4. Capsule
45. Crustose lichens are
    1. Branched and appear as outgrowths from a substrate
    2. Crust-like, tightly adherent to the substrate
    3. Membranous and leaf-like
    4. Pendulous and hair-like
46. How many main parts make up a virus?
    1. 2
    2. 3
    3. 5
    4. 4
47. Which bacterium is an example of a monotrichous flagellar arrangement?
    1. Salmonella typhi
    2. Xanthomonas sp.
    3. Proteus vulgaris
    4. Spirillum serpens
48. Which of the following is a bad (harmful) effect of viruses?
    1. Decomposition of waste
    2. Nitrogen fixation
    3. Causing diseases in organisms
    4. Enhancing immunity naturally
49. Which of the following is a plant virus?
    1. HIV
    2. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
    3. Influenza virus
    4. Ebola virus
50. What is the main difference between coenocytic and septate fungi?
    1. Presence of chlorophyll
    2. Type of reproduction
    3. Presence or absence of cross-walls (septa)
    4. Mode of nutrition
51. Which feature differentiates Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?
    1. Presence of chloroplast
    2. Peptidoglycan thickness in the cell wall
    3. Flagella arrangement
    4. Mode of reproduction
52. What is the approximate size range of bacterial cells?
    1. 0.1–0.5 mm
    2. 10–100 µm
    3. 1–10 µm
    4. 0.5–5 µm
53. What is the Latin meaning of the word 'virus'?
    1. Small creature
    2. Dead organism
    3. Poison
    4. Living particle
54. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of lichen?
    1. Branching body (thallus)
    2. Presence of flowers
    3. Mutualistic association
    4. Ability to grow on rocks
55. What was the first enzyme discovered in viruses?
    1. Reverse transcriptase
    2. DNA polymerase
    3. Neuraminidase
    4. RNA replicase
56. Virus is classified into how many groups based on the host?
    1. 2
    2. 3
    3. 5
    4. 4
57. How many classes or groups of viruses are there regarding types of nucleic acid?
    1. 4
    2. 5
    3. 6
    4. 7
58. Herpes Virus contains which type of nucleic acid?
    1. Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)
    2. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)
    3. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
    4. Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
59. What is the function of carbohydrates in a virus?
    1. Energy production
    2. Unknown
    3. All of the above
    4. Structural support of capsid
60. The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is _____ rigid than Gram-negative bacteria
    1. More
    2. Less
    3. None of the above
    4. It is the same
61. A hypha that is not compartmentalised with septa is called
    1. Septate hypha
    2. Coenocytic hypha
    3. Dikaryotic hypha
    4. Monokaryotic hypha

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