Across the d-block series, atomic radii decrease initially, but then become relatively constant towards the end of the series. What causes this constancy?

University of Ilorin CHM102 2025A past question

  1. Rapid decrease in effective nuclear charge
  2. Variable oxidation states neutralizing the size
  3. Balance between effective nuclear charge and the screening effect of d-electrons
  4. Increase in the principal quantum number

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